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Project: 359/2024

Title: Pollination ecology, taxonomy, and conservation of orchids in the Caladenia toxochila complex

Applicant: Andrew Bird

Institutions: Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora Victoria 3086
Orchid Conservation Program, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Cranbourne, VIC, 3977
Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra 2600

The Caladenia toxochila complex contains seven described species four of which are threatened, which occur in southeastern Australia. Pollination is presumed to be achieved by sexual deception of male Thynnine wasps, though few species have been formerly studied.

Like many groups of sexually deceptive orchids, the taxonomy in the C. toxochila complex is challenging, with subtle differences between recognised species and multiple populations highlighted as potential new species. Resolving the taxonomy in the C. toxochila complex is of particular importance in order to manage and conserve rare species.

This project aims to identify the pollinators of all species in the complex to aid in resolving the taxonomy of the group. Further, morphological analysis will test for characters which can aid in identifying populations in the field.

In addition to research outcomes, this project will establish ex situ conservation populations and seed bank collections for all species in the C. toxochila complex, ensuring the long-term survival of these species.